The best way to use heavy-duty clay bar purple for heavy oxidation? This complete information delves into the efficient elimination of extreme oxidation from numerous surfaces. Purple heavy-duty clay bars are particularly designed for tackling cussed oxidation, guaranteeing a pristine end. We’ll discover the method, from floor preparation to utility methods, and handle potential points.
This information particulars the method of utilizing a purple heavy-duty clay bar for eradicating heavy oxidation. It covers all the things from cleansing the floor and deciding on the suitable cleansing brokers, to making use of the clay bar appropriately and addressing completely different oxidation ranges. Sustaining the clay bar and troubleshooting widespread points are additionally addressed.
Introduction to Heavy-Obligation Clay Bar Purple for Heavy Oxidation
Heavy-duty clay bars are specialised instruments designed to meticulously take away embedded contaminants, dust, and imperfections from car surfaces. They work by trapping these contaminants inside their porous construction, successfully lifting them from the paint. This course of leaves the floor clean and prepared for subsequent detailing steps. In contrast to different cleansing strategies, claying does not depend on harsh chemical substances or abrasives, making it a gentler method to attaining a pristine end.Purple clay bars, particularly, are formulated to handle cussed, deeply embedded oxidation.
This explicit shade typically signifies enhanced absorbency and a refined composition, which is essential for tackling the intricate nature of heavy oxidation. This deeper cleansing motion makes them exceptionally efficient for eradicating probably the most pervasive oxidation and leaving the floor gleaming. Oxidation is a pure course of the place a cloth reacts with its environment, making a boring, tough, or discolored layer.
This response will be extreme on uncovered surfaces, and the ensuing harm can range in depth.
Heavy Oxidation and its Results
Heavy oxidation is a type of corrosion that degrades the looks and integrity of surfaces over time. It may possibly result in a boring, matte end, discoloration, and a tough texture. This may considerably diminish the aesthetic attraction and doubtlessly compromise the structural integrity of the floor, particularly in uncovered environments. The diploma of oxidation is determined by components like the fabric, the atmosphere, and the length of publicity.
Extended publicity to moisture, UV rays, or pollution accelerates the oxidation course of.
Examples of Surfaces Liable to Heavy Oxidation
Quite a few surfaces are prone to heavy oxidation, typically present in outside settings. Automobiles, notably these parked in harsh climates or with extended publicity to the weather, can develop important oxidation. Metallic fences, outside sculptures, and even sure constructing supplies will be affected by this course of. Moreover, equipment or tools working in industrial environments, topic to excessive temperatures and contaminants, are additionally in danger.
The diploma of oxidation can range drastically, influenced by the precise environmental circumstances and the fabric’s inherent resistance.
Comparability of Clay Bars for Completely different Oxidation Ranges
| Clay Bar Kind | Suitability for Gentle Oxidation | Suitability for Reasonable Oxidation | Suitability for Heavy Oxidation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Common Clay Bar | Glorious | Good | Poor |
| Medium-Obligation Clay Bar | Glorious | Glorious | Good |
| Heavy-Obligation Clay Bar (Purple) | Good | Glorious | Glorious |
This desk gives a normal guideline. The effectiveness of a clay bar can even rely upon the precise materials being cleaned and the character of the oxidation. The purple heavy-duty clay bar, with its enhanced composition, is ideally suited to probably the most difficult oxidation eventualities, providing deep cleansing with out compromising the floor’s integrity.
Making ready the Floor for Clay Bar Utility
A pristine floor is paramount for a profitable clay bar utility. Correct preparation ensures the clay bar successfully removes contaminants, revealing a clean, clear canvas prepared for the ultimate sprucing steps. This meticulous pre-treatment not solely enhances the clay bar’s effectiveness but in addition protects the paint from pointless abrasion throughout the claying course of.Thorough cleansing earlier than claying is essential to keep away from transferring contaminants to the paint floor.
Contaminants like highway grime, fowl droppings, and industrial residue can change into embedded within the paint, hindering the clay bar’s means to attain a flawless end. This preparation part is important in attaining a really outstanding consequence.
Floor Cleansing Procedures
Making ready the floor for claying entails a meticulous course of that begins with a radical wash. The hot button is to take away all free dust, particles, and contaminants earlier than making use of the clay bar. This prevents scratching and ensures the clay bar’s effectiveness.
- Preliminary Wash: Start with a delicate wash utilizing a top quality automotive wash cleaning soap and a microfiber wash mitt. Keep away from utilizing harsh brushes or sponges, as these can scratch the paint. Use lukewarm water to keep away from damaging the paint or inflicting water spots. Rinse completely to take away all traces of cleaning soap residue.
- Rinse and Dry: Completely rinse the car to take away all traces of cleaning soap. Dry the floor utterly utilizing a clear, microfiber drying towel to forestall water spots and streaks.
- Focused Cleansing: Give attention to areas with cussed contaminants, like bug splatters or tar. Use a specialised cleansing resolution designed for these kinds of deposits, following the product’s directions. Guarantee thorough rinsing after utilizing these focused options.
Significance of Cleansing Brokers
Choosing the proper cleansing brokers is important for sustaining the paint’s integrity. Utilizing the flawed merchandise could cause harm or depart behind residue that interferes with the claying course of. Understanding the composition of your car’s paint and the precise contaminants on the floor will information your alternative of cleansing brokers.
- Delicate Soaps: For on a regular basis cleansing, use a automotive wash cleaning soap formulated for automotive use. These soaps are particularly designed to be mild on paint and take away on a regular basis dust with out harming the protecting layer.
- Specialised Cleaners: For cussed contaminants like tar, fowl droppings, or tree sap, use a devoted cleansing agent formulated for these kinds of residues. All the time comply with the product’s directions fastidiously for optimum outcomes.
- Keep away from Harsh Chemical compounds: Keep away from abrasive cleaners, sturdy degreasers, or acidic options, as these can harm the paint’s end and result in untimely oxidation or dullness. A light method is at all times greatest.
Eradicating Free Grime, Particles, and Contaminants
Eradicating free dust, particles, and contaminants is a vital step to forestall scratching and maximize the clay bar’s effectiveness. This course of ensures a clean floor for the claying course of to work on.
- Guide Removing: Rigorously examine the floor for any giant items of particles, equivalent to leaves or twigs. Take away these things utilizing a comfortable brush or a microfiber material.
- Focused Removing: Give attention to areas with cussed contaminants, utilizing specialised cleansing options and methods as wanted. This can forestall any scratching or harm to the paint floor.
- Thorough Rinse: Rinse the car completely after every cleansing step to take away all traces of dust, particles, and cleansing options. This prevents any residue from interfering with the clay bar utility.
Step-by-Step Process for Floor Preparation
The next steps element the process for getting ready a floor for clay bar utility:
- Preliminary Wash: Wash the car with a light automotive wash cleaning soap and a microfiber wash mitt, rinsing completely.
- Drying: Dry the floor utterly with a clear microfiber drying towel.
- Focused Cleansing: Deal with any cussed contaminants utilizing applicable cleansing options.
- Rinse: Rinse completely to take away all traces of cleansing options.
- Examine and Take away: Examine the floor for any remaining particles and punctiliously take away them.
Instruments and Supplies
The next desk Artikels the mandatory instruments and supplies for floor preparation:
| Merchandise | Description |
|---|---|
| Automobile Wash Cleaning soap | Delicate, automotive-grade cleaning soap |
| Microfiber Wash Mitt | For mild cleansing |
| Microfiber Drying Towel | For streak-free drying |
| Specialised Cleaners (Non-obligatory) | For cussed contaminants |
| Smooth Brush (Non-obligatory) | For eradicating free particles |
| Buckets | For rinsing and holding cleansing options |
| Water | For rinsing |
Making use of the Purple Heavy-Obligation Clay Bar
Unlocking the true potential of your paint job requires meticulous consideration to element, particularly when coping with cussed oxidation. Correct utility of a heavy-duty clay bar is essential for a flawless end. This part dives deep into the approach, emphasizing the significance of precision and managed strain for optimum outcomes.The purple heavy-duty clay bar, designed for tackling heavy oxidation, calls for a selected method.
By following these pointers, you possibly can successfully take away embedded contaminants and restore your car’s pristine floor.
Right Utility Method
The proper approach for utilizing a heavy-duty clay bar entails a scientific method, minimizing friction and maximizing effectiveness. Apply even, constant strain throughout the clay bar’s floor whereas sustaining a clean, gliding movement. This prevents scratching and ensures the clay bar successfully captures embedded contaminants. The clay bar’s construction is designed to grip and carry these contaminants, eradicating them from the paint’s floor.
Course of Utility
Making use of the clay bar in a selected course is important for attaining a uniform end. Transfer the clay bar in a constant, overlapping sample. For instance, start with a vertical movement, then comply with with a horizontal one, then a diagonal motion, guaranteeing you cowl your complete space of concern. This systematic method helps in eradicating contaminants which are embedded within the paint.
A constant sample prevents lacking any areas and ensures that your complete floor is handled evenly.
Stress Utility
Extreme strain is detrimental when utilizing a heavy-duty clay bar. The clay bar’s effectiveness depends on its means to grip and carry contaminants, to not grind towards the floor. Apply a lightweight however agency strain, permitting the clay bar to do the work. An excessive amount of strain can result in scratches and marring, doubtlessly requiring additional therapies. A lightweight, managed strain permits the clay bar to work its magic with out inflicting harm.
Working in Small Sections
Working in small sections is essential for attaining optimum outcomes. Making an attempt to cowl an unlimited space without delay can result in missed spots and uneven outcomes. Start by treating a small part of the floor, guaranteeing thorough protection with the clay bar. Transfer to the following adjoining part, repeating the method till your complete space is handled.
By working in small, manageable sections, you possibly can preserve management and guarantee a constant, high-quality end. This cautious method prevents the build-up of contaminants, guaranteeing a radical clear.
Desk: Strategies and Floor Suitability
| Method | Floor Kind | Suitability |
|---|---|---|
| Mild, overlapping strokes | Painted steel surfaces | Glorious; minimizes scratching |
| Constant strain | All sorts of painted surfaces | Important for optimum contaminant elimination |
| Small part protection | Areas with heavy oxidation or contaminants | Essential for thorough therapy; avoids missed spots |
| Vertical, horizontal, diagonal sample | Numerous surfaces | Ensures full protection |
Addressing Completely different Oxidation Ranges
The effectiveness of a heavy-duty clay bar, just like the Purple Heavy-Obligation Clay Bar, hinges on its means to sort out various levels of oxidation. Understanding how the clay bar interacts with gentle, medium, and heavy oxidation is essential for attaining optimum outcomes. A correct evaluation of the oxidation degree permits for a tailor-made method, maximizing the clay bar’s efficiency and minimizing potential harm to the paint.Completely different oxidation ranges necessitate various clay bar methods.
Gentle oxidation, typically characterised by minor floor imperfections, responds nicely to a gentler method. Medium oxidation, representing a extra substantial build-up of contaminants, calls for extra centered effort. Heavy oxidation, a big accumulation of contaminants, requires a extra intensive and extended utility.
Figuring out Oxidation Ranges
Visible inspection is step one in figuring out the extent of oxidation. Gentle oxidation seems as a refined haze or dullness, typically accompanied by minor imperfections. Medium oxidation reveals extra pronounced blemishes, a rougher texture, and doubtlessly a visual layer of contaminants. Heavy oxidation is quickly obvious by way of a big accumulation of contaminants, a noticeable lack of gloss, and substantial discoloration.
Skilled detailers might use a specialised inspection device like a UV gentle to pinpoint areas with deeper oxidation, which might require a unique method.
Advisable Clay Bar Strategies for Completely different Oxidation Ranges
- Gentle Oxidation: For gentle oxidation, a single move with the clay bar, utilizing reasonable strain and light-weight round motions, is usually adequate. A barely dampened floor can facilitate a smoother utility, guaranteeing contaminants are successfully eliminated with out damaging the paint. This method avoids pointless abrasion.
- Medium Oxidation: Medium oxidation requires a extra deliberate method. A number of passes with the clay bar, guaranteeing every move is accomplished earlier than the following, are essential. Constant strain and clean, overlapping round motions are advisable. This technique successfully tackles the buildup of contaminants with out compromising the paint’s integrity.
- Heavy Oxidation: Heavy oxidation necessitates a extra meticulous and doubtlessly time-consuming course of. A number of passes, utilizing a mixture of reasonable to agency strain, are important to take away the numerous build-up of contaminants. It is typically helpful to make use of lubricant (equivalent to detailing spray) to assist within the course of and to keep away from scratching the paint floor. In extreme instances, the floor might require a number of periods of claying with applicable lubrication.
Clay Bar Method Abstract Desk
| Oxidation Stage | Description | Clay Bar Method |
|---|---|---|
| Gentle | Minor haze, dullness, or imperfections | Single move, reasonable strain, gentle round motions |
| Medium | Pronounced blemishes, tough texture, seen contaminants | A number of passes, constant strain, clean overlapping round motions |
| Heavy | Important contaminant build-up, lack of gloss, discoloration | A number of passes, reasonable to agency strain, lubricant use, doubtlessly a number of periods |
Sustaining the Clay Bar
A well-maintained clay bar is a vital device for attaining optimum paint correction. Correct cleansing and storage procedures make sure the bar’s effectiveness and longevity, maximizing its means to take away cussed contaminants and imperfections. This part Artikels the steps for retaining your heavy-duty clay bar in pristine situation.
Cleansing the Clay Bar
The effectiveness of a clay bar hinges on its cleanliness. Common cleansing prevents the buildup of contaminants that may hinder its efficiency and scratch the paint floor. Completely cleansing the bar after every use is important to forestall the switch of contaminants to the paint.
- Step-by-Step Cleansing: After every utility, rinse the clay bar completely beneath lukewarm water. Use a soft-bristled brush or a microfiber material to softly scrub away any residue. Guarantee all traces of particles, dust, and wax are eliminated. Comply with this up with a remaining rinse to take away any remaining cleaning soap or cleansing resolution.
- Selecting the Proper Cleansing Agent: Delicate cleaning soap and water is mostly adequate for routine cleansing. Keep away from harsh chemical substances, abrasive cleaners, or sturdy solvents which may harm the bar’s construction or depart a residue. If you happen to expertise a cussed buildup, a light dish cleaning soap can be utilized, guaranteeing thorough rinsing to forestall residue.
Storage Concerns
Correct storage is important for sustaining the clay bar’s form and stopping harm. Storing it appropriately helps protect its effectiveness and extends its lifespan.
- Perfect Storage Atmosphere: Retailer the clay bar in a cool, dry place, away from direct daylight and excessive temperatures. Excessive temperatures can soften the bar, whereas moisture can result in mildew or mould development. Keep away from storing it in areas liable to extreme humidity.
- Protecting Packaging: After cleansing, wrap the clay bar in a comfortable, clear material or place it in a sealed container to forestall mud and dust from accumulating. A comfortable, dry microfiber material is good to guard the bar from scratching.
Frequency of Cleansing, The best way to use heavy-duty clay bar purple for heavy oxidation
Common cleansing is vital to sustaining the clay bar’s effectivity. The frequency is determined by the frequency of use and the character of the car’s atmosphere.
- Cleansing Schedule: Clear the clay bar after each use. That is essential to make sure the bar stays efficient in eradicating contaminants and imperfections from the paint floor. This preventative measure helps preserve the bar’s integrity, guaranteeing optimum efficiency.
- Superior Use Case: If the clay bar is used on a car often uncovered to harsh parts like dust, grime, or salt, it could require extra frequent cleansing, doubtlessly every day or each different day.
“Correct upkeep of the clay bar ensures constant and efficient paint correction, resulting in the next high quality end and an extended lifespan for the clay bar itself.”
Troubleshooting and Widespread Points
The journey to a pristine, oxidation-free paint job with the Heavy-Obligation Clay Bar Purple can typically encounter snags. Understanding potential issues and their options is vital to attaining a flawless end. This part delves into widespread points that will come up throughout utility and gives sensible options to make sure a clean and profitable claying course of.Cautious consideration to element and correct approach are paramount to avoiding harm and guaranteeing even outcomes.
By recognizing potential pitfalls and using the appropriate methods, you possibly can confidently navigate the claying course of and obtain a surprising consequence.
Figuring out Uneven Outcomes
Uneven outcomes throughout claying can stem from a number of components. Inconsistent strain throughout utility, an improperly ready floor, or an inadequate quantity of lubricant can result in a non-uniform end. Making use of extreme strain can mar the paint, whereas inadequate strain might not successfully take away contaminants. Sustaining constant strain all through the method is essential.
Addressing Floor Injury
Floor harm throughout claying is a chance, notably if the clay bar is used improperly. A standard trigger is utilizing extreme strain, which may scratch or mar the paint. Utilizing an inappropriate lubricant, or failing to take care of a constant utility approach, can even result in undesirable marks. Choosing the right lubricant in your car’s paint sort is important.
Sustaining Constant Stress
Sustaining constant strain all through the claying course of is important. Apply even strain, neither too laborious nor too comfortable. An excessive amount of strain can depart scratches, whereas inadequate strain might not successfully take away contaminants. A constant strain ensures even elimination of contaminants with out compromising the paint’s integrity. Apply making use of the clay bar in a managed method, guaranteeing the strain stays constant throughout the floor.
Selecting the Proper Lubricant
Choosing the right lubricant is essential for minimizing floor harm. An insufficient lubricant could cause friction and scratching. The perfect lubricant will rely in your particular paint sort and the oxidation degree. Utilizing a lubricant that is suitable together with your car’s paint is important to keep away from marring. Take into account consulting your car’s producer suggestions for probably the most appropriate lubricant.
Troubleshooting Desk
| Potential Challenge | Potential Trigger | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| Uneven outcomes | Inconsistent strain, improper floor preparation, inadequate lubricant | Guarantee constant strain, completely put together the floor, use applicable lubricant, and test for any remaining contaminants |
| Floor harm (scratches/marring) | Extreme strain, inappropriate lubricant, improper approach, lack of lubrication | Scale back strain, use a suitable lubricant, preserve constant approach, and guarantee adequate lubrication |
| Contaminants remaining | Inadequate lubrication, improper approach, insufficient clay bar | Guarantee adequate lubrication, preserve correct approach, and think about using a recent clay bar |
Examples of Surfaces Handled with Clay Bar: How To Use Heavy-duty Clay Bar Purple For Heavy Oxidation
The heavy-duty purple clay bar, a robust device for tackling heavy oxidation, demonstrates its effectiveness throughout numerous surfaces. From classic automobiles to meticulously maintained boats, understanding the precise oxidation challenges and subsequent outcomes is essential for attaining optimum restoration. This part gives detailed case research, highlighting the varied purposes and outcomes.
Automotive Surfaces
Automotive surfaces, notably older automobiles, typically exhibit important oxidation on account of environmental publicity. Rust, grime, and embedded contaminants create a difficult floor for paint restoration. The heavy-duty purple clay bar successfully removes these contaminants, revealing a smoother, extra pristine floor beneath. Correct preparation, together with thorough washing and drying, is paramount for maximizing the clay bar’s efficacy.
Boat Hulls
Boat hulls, always uncovered to saltwater and marine environments, are notably prone to oxidation. Saltwater corrosion and marine development contribute to the formation of a tenacious layer of oxidation. The heavy-duty purple clay bar successfully removes this layer, revealing the unique hull’s pristine floor. Following the claying course of, a protecting sealant or paint utility is advisable to forestall future oxidation.
Classic Bikes
Classic bikes, typically uncovered to the weather for prolonged durations, develop important oxidation. Years of publicity to rain, solar, and highway grime accumulate as oxidation on the chrome and steel components. The heavy-duty purple clay bar meticulously removes oxidation, restoring the unique shine and element to the steel parts. Cautious dealing with is essential to forestall scratching throughout the utility course of.
Out of doors Furnishings
Out of doors furnishings, notably these product of steel or wooden, are uncovered to weathering, resulting in oxidation. Fading, discoloration, and floor deterioration happen over time. The heavy-duty purple clay bar, whereas not ideally suited for wooden, can take away oxidation from steel parts of out of doors furnishings. A protecting coating needs to be utilized afterward to forestall future oxidation.
Desk of Floor Remedies
| Floor | Oxidation Challenges | Outcomes After Clay Bar Utility |
|---|---|---|
| Automotive Surfaces (e.g., classic automotive) | Rust, grime, embedded contaminants, boring paint | Clean, pristine paint floor, enhanced shine, elimination of contaminants |
| Boat Hulls (e.g., fiberglass or steel) | Saltwater corrosion, marine development, oxidation layers | Removing of oxidation layers, revealing unique hull floor, improved water resistance (with subsequent sealant) |
| Classic Bikes (e.g., chrome components) | Oxidation on chrome and steel components, lack of shine, dullness | Restoration of unique shine, elimination of oxidation, enhanced element |
| Out of doors Metallic Furnishings (e.g., wrought iron) | Fading, discoloration, floor deterioration | Removing of oxidation, restoration of unique shade and texture (if relevant) |
Extra Ideas and Concerns
Reaching flawless outcomes with heavy-duty clay bars requires extra than simply the appliance course of. Understanding the nuances of various oxidation ranges, mixed with essential security precautions and environmental consciousness, elevates the cleansing expertise to an expert degree. This part delves into these important features for optimum outcomes and accountable use.
Optimizing Outcomes on Closely Oxidized Surfaces
Correct preparation is vital when tackling severely oxidized surfaces. An intensive pre-cleaning with an acceptable degreaser or a delicate cleaner is essential to loosen floor contaminants and enhance the clay bar’s effectiveness. Enable the floor to dry utterly earlier than initiating the claying course of. This can forestall water from interfering with the bar’s grip and effectiveness. Utilizing agency, even strain throughout the course of is important.
Keep away from extreme strain, as it may well harm the paint or floor end. If engaged on a big space, break the duty into smaller sections for constant outcomes.
Security Precautions and Warnings
Security ought to at all times be paramount when working with cleansing merchandise. All the time put on applicable private protecting tools (PPE), together with gloves and eye safety, to defend your self from potential irritants. Make sure the work space is well-ventilated to forestall inhalation of fumes or airborne particles. Preserve the clay bar away from open flames or ignition sources. Don’t use the clay bar on surfaces which are excessively sizzling or chilly, as this may compromise the effectiveness and doubtlessly harm the floor.
Retailer the clay bar in a cool, dry place away from direct daylight to take care of its integrity.
Environmental Concerns and Accountable Use
Accountable use of cleansing merchandise is important for environmental preservation. Select cleansing options which are biodegradable and environmentally pleasant. Correctly eliminate used cleansing supplies based on native rules. Keep away from contaminating water sources or harming wildlife. Think about using water sparingly throughout the cleansing course of.
Dealing with Particular Floor Points
Sure floor imperfections may require a tailor-made method. For instance, if you happen to encounter deep scratches or gouges, think about using a specialised sprucing compound after claying to additional refine the floor. For areas with embedded contaminants, making use of a light solvent or detergent earlier than claying could also be essential to take away these particles. All the time check any cleansing resolution in an not noticeable space earlier than making use of it to your complete floor to keep away from unintended harm.
Essential Concerns and Precautions
| Facet | Concerns/Precautions |
|---|---|
| Floor Preparation | Completely clear and dry the floor; use applicable degreaser or cleaner |
| Utility Method | Apply agency, even strain; break down giant areas into smaller sections; keep away from extreme strain |
| Security | Put on applicable PPE; guarantee satisfactory air flow; retailer the clay bar correctly; keep away from contact with warmth or flame; keep away from use on extraordinarily sizzling or chilly surfaces |
| Environmental Impression | Select environmentally pleasant cleansing options; eliminate supplies responsibly; keep away from water contamination |
| Particular Points | Use sprucing compounds for scratches/gouges; use solvents/detergents for embedded contaminants; check options in inconspicuous areas |
Closure
In conclusion, utilizing a heavy-duty purple clay bar for heavy oxidation requires cautious preparation, exact utility, and understanding of assorted oxidation ranges. By following the steps Artikeld on this information, you possibly can successfully take away oxidation and restore surfaces to their unique situation. Bear in mind to prioritize security and environmental concerns all through the method.
FAQ
What sorts of surfaces will be handled with a heavy-duty purple clay bar?
The purple heavy-duty clay bar can be utilized on numerous surfaces, together with automobiles, boats, and different automobiles. It is also efficient on painted surfaces and steel components.
How typically ought to I clear the clay bar?
Common cleansing is essential to take care of the clay bar’s effectiveness. Clear it after every use with a comfortable material and applicable cleansing resolution.
What are the potential dangers of utilizing a heavy-duty clay bar?
Utilizing a clay bar improperly can doubtlessly harm the floor. All the time make sure the floor is ready appropriately and use applicable strain.
What are the indicators of heavy oxidation?
Heavy oxidation reveals up as a boring, tough, or pitted look on the floor. It may possibly even have a big shade change, showing discolored or darkened.
